Meningococcal disease is a somewhat complicated illness, with terms that can often be confusing. Below you’ll find some helpful definitions to make it all easier to understand.
Glossary
Meningococcal Disease Glossary of Terms
Antibiotic: A substance or compound that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial diseases.
Bacteria: Single-celled germs that typically live in soil, water, or the bodies of plants and animals and can cause disease.
Bacterial meningitis: Swelling of the meninges, which are the covering of the brain, caused by bacteria. It can be serious and life threatening.
Encephalitis: Swelling of the brain.
Epidemic: A sudden outbreak of a disease, occurring in higher numbers than expected.
Immunization: Often known as a vaccination, it’s a process or procedure that increases a person’s reaction to antigens, thereby improving their ability to resist or overcome infection.
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine: A vaccine that protects against 4 of the 5 kinds of bacteria that causes most cases of meningococcal meningitis and septicemia (sepsis), a life-threatening infection of the blood.
Meningitis: Swelling of the meninges—the covering of the brain and spinal cord—usually caused by bacteria or a virus. If caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, it goes by the name meningococcal disease.
Meningococcal meningitis: Bacterial meningitis caused by the infection Neisseria meningitidis.
Meningococcemia: Infection of the blood (sepsis) caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
Neisseria meningitidis: A bacteria that lives in the nose and the mouth. It can cause bacterial meningitis and pneumonia.
Spinal cord: Tubular bundle of nervous tissue that transmits neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Viral meningitis: The most common type of meningitis, viral meningitis is serious but rarely deadly in people with normal immunity. It usually lasts from 7 to 10 days, with the patient recovering completely.
Virus: A submicroscopic agent that can cause infection and can multiply only within living cells.